By Michael Dukakis, Nguyen Anh Tuan, Nazli Choucri, Thomas Patterson, David Silbersweig, John Savage
For the 13th International Symposium “Intelligent Systems – 2018”, St. Petersburg, Russia, October 22–24, 2018
The Artificial Intelligence World Society (AIWS) is a set of values, ideas, concepts and protocols for standards and norms whose goal is to advance the peaceful development of AI to improve the quality of life for all humanity. It was conceived by the Michael Dukakis Institute for Leadership and Innovation (MDI) and established on November 22, 2017.
AIWS has developed the AIWS 7-Layer Model. This model establishes a set of norms and best practices for the development, management, and uses of AI so that this technology is safe, humane, and beneficial to society. AIWS recognizes that we live in a chaotic world with differing, and sometimes conflicting, goals, values and norms. Hence, the 7-Layer Model is aspirational and even idealistic. Nonetheless, it provides a baseline for guiding AI development to ensure positive outcomes and to reduce pervasive and realistic risks and related harms that AI could pose to humanity. The Model is based on the assumption that humans are ultimately accountable for the development and use of AI, and must therefore preserve that accountability. Hence, it stresses transparency of AI reasoning, applications, and decision making, which will lead to auditability and validation of the uses of AI systems.
Layer 1: Charter and Principles: To create a society of AI for a better world and to ensure peace, security, and prosperity
Layer 2: Ethical Frameworks: Guidelines for the Role of AI in Building the Next Generation Democracy
Layer 3: Standards: Standards for the Management of AI Resources and Development
Layer 4: Laws and Legislation: Laws for the Role of AI in Building the Next Generation Democracy
Layer 5: International Policies, Conventions, and Norms: Global Consensus
Layer 6: Public Services and Policymaking: Engage and Assist Political Leaders
Layer 7: Business Applications for All of Society: Engage and Assist Businesses
AI-Government is a component of the AIWS. Two of the layers of the 7-Layer Model pertain to AI-Government. E-Government is the use of communication and information technology for improving the performance of public sector agencies. AI-Government transcends E-Government by applying AI to assist decision making for all critical public sector functions – notably provision of public services, performance of civic functions, and evaluation of public officials. At the core of AIGovernment is the National Decision making and Data Center (NDMD). NDMD collects, stores, analyzes, and applies massive amounts of data relevant to the provision of public services and the evaluation of public programs and officials. It does not replace governance by humans or human decisional processes but guides and informs them, while providing an objective basis for service provision and evaluation.
Paul Nemitz, Principal Adviser, Directorate-General for Justice and Consumers, European Commission, has recently published his work highlighting the effect of AI on constitutional democracy in modern societies and calls for a new culture of incorporating the principles of democracy, rule of law, and human rights by design in AI and a three-level technological impact assessment for new technologies like AI.
Money – a tool of influence on politics and markets
Control over the infrastructures of discourse and the digital environment decisive for elections.
Personal data collected for profit, surveillance and security and election campaigns.
The accessibility to AI resource which sometimes appeared unclear to users
Currently, the pervasiveness of few tech giants such as Google, Facebook, Microsoft, etc., who are quietly shaping our experience with the Internet and digital technologies like AI, has been raising a big question whether constitutional democracy is maintained. Not only have mega corporations affected all areas of society relevant to opinion building in democracy: governments, legislators, civil society, political parties, schools and education, journalism and its education and—most importantly—science and research, they also have thrived on a culture of lawlessness and irresponsibility. Therefore, it is time to move on to the crucial question for AI in democracy— “which of the challenges of AI can be safely and with good conscience left to ethics, and which challenges of AI need to be addressed by rules which are enforceable and based on democratic process, thus laws.”
To deal with these challenges, codes of ethics and laws concerning fundamental rights of individuals are needed. AI is currently at its dawn, it could bring about huge benefits, and it is up to us to shape its development in a way that can serve human interests. “In the world of technological dreams for domination and populist ambition to undermine democracy, we need to strengthen democracy by giving back to the law the noble function which it has in constitutional democracy: to express the will of the people in a form obligatory for everyone and able to be brought into reality, even against resistance and non-compliance, by the use of public and private enforcement powers.” writes Nemitz.
With the purpose of ensuring AI’s future, the Michael Dukakis Institute has launched the AIWS Initiative, including the AIWS 7-Layer Model for ethical AI and concepts for the design of AI-Government, which has received the support of Paul Nemitz.
After an 18-month investigation, a report on invisible processing and misuse of data for political is presented to Parliament by the UK’s Information Commissioner’s Office (ICO). This has been described by the ICO as “the most complex data protection investigation we have ever conducted” with 30 organizations investigated, 33 interviews with individuals and 52 billion pages worth of data analyzed.
The report states that Leave.EU – The Brexit campaign group an Eldon Insurance – trading as GoSkippy – were fined total of £135,000 for serious breaches of the law that governs electronic marketing.
“We found a disturbing disregard for voters’ personal privacy by players across the political campaigning eco-system — from data companies and data brokers to social media platforms, campaign groups, and political parties.” said Elizabeth Denham, UK Information Commissioner. ICO is currently seeking a solution to this issue, a code of practice for the use of data in political campaign with legal force to enforce the codes.
The Annual Global Cybersecurity Day, held by Boston Global Forum, is a special event to inspire the shared responsibility of the world’s citizens to protect the Internet’s safety and transparency. This year, the Fourth Annual Global Cybersecurity Day Symposium will be held on December 12th at Loeb House, Harvard University, focusing on the issues of privacy and data protection. The event will have the participation of Mr. Liam Byrne, Member of Parliament for Birmingham, UK; he is one of the speakers at the symposium this year.
On December 4, 2018, insights and potential solutions to address AI issues in Government will be provided by well-known experts and thought leaders in the panel session. This is a component belonging to a 3-day event in Boston – the upcoming AI World Conference and Expo 2018 and is considered the largest independent enterprise AI business event in the world, with over 100 sessions, 200 speakers and 85 sponsors and exhibitors.
The first panel of the second day of the event will discuss the topic of AI in Government. As IT-based enterprise organizations deploy intelligent automation across their business and industries, the opportunity emerges for federal, state, and local government agencies to become fast-followers. Whether in the pursuit of delivering enhanced services to constituents, increasing worker productivity, reducing operational cost, or merely accelerating the digital transformation efforts underway within the agency. Attendees to this panel will hear:
How agencies are utilizing automation and machine learning to improve service delivery and response time
The unique challenges faced by public sector IT organizations compared to private enterprise
The evolving discussion around AI ethics, safety, and regulatory requirements
Panel board of AI in Government Section at AI World Conference and Expo 2018
This session is going to be moderated by John Desmond, Editor of AI Trends, with the presence of Marc Mancher, US Government and Public Services Robotics & Intelligent Automation Lead, Deloitte Consulting LLP; Wayne Haubner, Chief Innovation Officer, Synergi Partners; Brad Mascho, Chief Artificial Intelligence Officer, NCI. Mr. Nguyen Anh Tuan – CEO of Boston Global Forum (BGF) will also attend this panel session and share about the concepts of AI-Government, which the Michael Dukakis Institute has been developing and which belongs to the Artificial Intelligence World Society (AIWS) Model.
In the last decade, there has been a rise of AI in enterprises. Many enterprises are picking up with the trends, starting to transform theirs structure and ways to use AI. Lyft, Walmart and Philips are three major examples.
Lyft
Lyft is known as an urban transportation company that also competes with Uber in branding and market share. Recently, it has been implementing machine learning technique to solve spot pricing, ride scheduling and fleet operation and autonomous driving which are the core elements of autonomous business. By using decision trees, neural networks, multi-arm bandits, and quadratic programing, these models are applied in many problems that depend on scale and situation.
Walmart
AI is used to solve everyday office tasks such as digitizing document and improve productivity in accounting process at Walmart. Using Robotic Process Automation, the system assists creating visual and scripted flowchart to serve enhance shared service. “Walmart back office processes 200 Million+ Account Receivables and 2.3 Million+ employee payrolls,” said Yazdi Balgi, SVP, Global Business Services and Emerging Technologies at Walmart. With great scanning power, AI, and Big Data, sale tax refunds and audit were improved remarkably and turned into huge saving at this volume.
Philips
According to Roy Smythe, Global Chief Medical Officer, Strategy and Partnerships at Philips, there are three healthcare’s areas in which AI can help:
– Image Recognition/Computer Vision assist scan X-ray or MRI images and measure lesion sizes, eliminating manual and error-prone work;
– Having AI look at global database to compare the record can be of great use in finding out a treatment;
– Self-health AI app that provides health tips that possibly could reduce 50% of the doctor visits.
The Michael Dukakis Institute is the International Sponsor of AI World, coming to Boston on Dec 3-5. AI World Conference & Expo 2018 is promised to bring together professional AI experts in the world to work with businesses to help them use AI and leverage this technology to advance the product development, for innovation, for costs, savings and all major businesses’ issues.
Kebotix is currently taking care of a robot which can create new materials to combat pollution.
A machine learning software developed by a startup called Kebotix is attempting to analyze the outcome and come up with hypotheses, together with a robot arm that is capable of dipping a pipette into a dish and transfer the amount of liquids into other receptacles. The robot is expected to create new materials in coming years with the hope to compose a compound that could stop infection or absorb bacteria.
Kebotix combines a few methods to design the system which is dubbed a “self-driving lab”. The company provides the software its existing knowledge of compounds with advantageous properties to learn. The algorithm will do the rest and start to new samples that fit the same model. Another network is used to remove unwanted designs from samples. Subsequently, the remaining structures will go through another test system, then fed back into the machine-learning pipeline to get closer to the desired features.
“The AI predicts and plans what to do next; the robot automation system very rapidly tests our new molecule,” Kreisbeck, the company’s Chief Product Officer said. “The machine can learn from the database and make a better decision for the next round.”
However, giving machine the full control of chemical substances and the lab could be extremely dangerous. According to Layer 1 in the AIWS 7-Layer Model of standards for AI developments, this self-driving lab needs to follow all safety procedure to avoid possible accidents.
FormerUnited Nations Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon, who served from January 2007 to December 2016 will be a Harvard Kennedy School Fisher Family Fellow with the Future of Diplomacy Project in the academic year 2018-2019.
After his time in the United Nations, Mr. Ban has been actively promoting global agenda including SDGs, climate change and woman’s empowerment. Since January 2018, Mr. Ban has been inducted as Co-Chairs of the Ban Ki-moon Centre for Global Citizens in Vienna, Austria. Since February 2018, he has been elected as the President of the Assembly & Chair of the Council of Global Green Growth Institute (GGGI). In April 2018, he has been elected as the Chairman of Boao Forum for Asia.
Mr. Ban strived to be a bridge builder, to give voice to the world’s poorest and the most vulnerable people, and to make the United Nations more transparent and effective. For his sincere dedication to making the world a better place, with peace and cooperation between countries, Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon was also awarded the World Leader in Peace, Security, and Development by the Boston Global Forum and the Michael Dukakis Institute in 2016.
In his acceptance speech of this award, he brought the challenge to build up the partnership between leaders and business community as well as civil society in order to deal with world problems such as climate changes, SDGs, etc. He also believed in the transformative power of collective action.
The Michael Dukakis Institute will partner with the World Leadership Alliance- Club de Madrid in building the Next Democracy Generation by using AI and AIWS models. They are expected to launch a Policy Dialogue on AI in 2019.
The World Leadership Alliance-Club de Madrid (WLA-CdM) has been partnering with the Michael Dukakis Institute (MDI) to collaborate and develop the AIWS 7-Layer Model to build the Next Generation Democracy. This project addresses the main factors that are affecting the world’s democracy, including new technologies and social media in the generation of AI.
The President of WLA-CdM, Vaira Vike-Freiberga, serves as Co-chair of AIWS activities and conferences along with Governor Michael Dukakis, Chairman of MDI and his colleagues. Recently, Mr. Nguyen Anh Tuan, Director of MDI had a discussion with President Vike-Freiberga and Secretary General of WLA-CdM about the possibility of co-hosting a Policy Dialogue on AI in 2019. Governor Dukakis also sent a proposal letter to leaders of WLA-CdM for further discussion. The Policy Dialogue in AI is expected to strengthen the awareness of AI opportunities and risks as well as propose the best strategies for AI development.
On September 20, 2018 at Harvard University Faculty Club, Ms. Beatriz Merino – Former Prime Minister of Peru and Member of MDI’s AIWS Standards and Practice Committee spoke at the AIWS Conference, with theme “AI-Government and AI Arms Races and Norms”.
