By following somebody’s cerebrum movement, this innovation can reproduce the words that an individual hears with extraordinary lucidity. This leap forward tackles the intensity of discourse amalgamation and man-made consciousness. It additionally establishes the framework for helping the individuals who can not address recapture the capacity to speak with the outside world.
This research study is led by Prof. Nima Mesgarani, a principal investigator at Columbia University’s Mortimer B. Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute.
This research is to combine the recent advances in deep learning (deep neural network) with the latest innovations in speech synthesis technology to reconstruct intelligence speech from human auditory cortex. This approach has been demonstrated with positive results for the next generation of speech Brain-Computer Interface (BCI) system, which can not only restore communications for paralyzed patients but also have the potential to transform human-computer interaction technologies.
Future breakthroughs that the technology could lead to include a wearable brain-computer interface that could translate an individual’s thoughts, such as ‘I need a glass of water’, directly into synthesized speech or text. “This would be a game changer,” said Prof Mesgarani. “It would give anyone who has lost their ability to speak, whether through injury or disease, the renewed chance to connect to the world around them.”
In the primary logical investigation, Columbia neuroscientists made a framework that makes an interpretation of straightforward, conspicuous words into words. By following somebody’s cerebrum movement, innovation can reproduce the words that an individual hears with extraordinary lucidity. This leap forward tackles the intensity of discourse amalgamation and man-made consciousness. It additionally establishes the framework for helping the individuals who cannot address recapture the capacity to speak with the outside world.
These discoveries have been distributed in logical reports. “Our voice associates us with companions, family and our general surroundings,” said Nima Mesgarani, Ph.D., the lead writer of the article and a key examiner of the article at Columbia University’s Mortimer B. Zuckerman Institute for Brain Behavior Research. “With the present research, we have a potential method to reestablish that capacity. We have appeared, with the correct innovation, these individuals’ musings can be deciphered and comprehended by anybody audience members. ”
Many years of research have demonstrated that when individuals talk – or even envision talking – narrating action models show up in their cerebrums. Specialists, attempt to record and interpret these models with the goal that they can be converted into words.
Be that as it may, finishing this accomplishment demonstrated testing. The underlying endeavors to unravel mind signals neglected to make anything like straightforward words. Dr. Mesgarani’s gathering has changed to a profession, a PC calculation that can integrate discourse in the wake of being prepared on the accounts of the speakers.
“This is a similar innovation utilized by Amazon Echo and Apple Siri to give verbal solutions to our inquiries,” said Dr. Mesgarani, additionally an associate teacher of an electrical building at the School of Engineering and Science, getting familiar with Columbia’s Fu Foundation Application.
To instruct individuals to articulate the cerebrum’s action, Dr. Mesgarani teamed up with Ashesh Dinesh Mehta, MD, Dr., a neurosurgeon at the Northwell Medical Neurology Institute.
“Working with Dr. Mehta, we have requested that epilepsy patients experience mind medical procedure to tune in to the idioms of various individuals, while we measure the examples of cerebrum action”, Dr. Mesgarani said. “Apprehensive models have prepared the elocution.”
Next, the specialists requested that comparative patients tune in to the speaker perusing the digits somewhere in the range of 0 and 9 while recording cerebrum flags that could be gone through the articulation. The final product is a voice that sounds like a robot perusing a series of numbers. To check the precision of the chronicle, Dr. Mesgarani and his group have allocated people to tune in to the accounts and report what they hear.
“We found that individuals can comprehend and rehash sounds about 75% of the time, higher and go past every single past exertion,” Dr. Mesgarani said. “Delicate elocution set and incredible neural system speak to the sound that patients at first heard with astounding exactness.”
Dr. Mesgarani and his group intend to test the following increasingly complex words and sentences, and they need to run comparable tests on cerebrum signals transmitted when one talks or envisions talking.
“In this situation, if the wearer supposes ‘I require a glass of water’, our framework can take the cerebrum flag produced by that idea and transform them into blended words, verbally,” Dr. Mesgarani said. “This will be a distinct advantage. It will enable any individual who can not talk, regardless of whether through damage or ailment, the chance to enhance to interface with their general surroundings.”
What we expect came true finally. This success will especially make the AIWS ideas come true. People will be more honest; unable to say something different from what they are thinking, and cannot be false. The cultural values of AIWS to build a faithful and honest society now have the opportunity to implement, to make AIWS a reality.
According to Mr. Nguyen Anh Tuan – Director of The Michael Dukakis Institute for Leadership and Innovation, Co-Founder, and Chief Executive Officer of The Boston Global Forum: “What we expect came true finally”.
“This success will especially make the AIWS ideas come true. People will be more honest, unable to say something different from what they are thinking, not be false. The cultural values of AIWS to build a faithful and honest society now have the opportunity to implement, to make AIWS a reality,” said Mr. Nguyen Anh Tuan.
On January 17, 2019 Professor Jason Furman – Chairman of the Council of Economic Advisers and chief economist of former POTUS Obama, and professor at Harvard University’s Kennedy School of Government – gave a talk about AI issues in AIWS Roundtable, which was held by Vietnam National Television (VTV) and Boston Global Forum (BGF).
On January 17, 2019 Professor Jason Furman – Chairman of the Council of Economic Advisers and chief economist of former POTUS Obama, and professor at Harvard University’s Kennedy School of Government – gave a talk about AI issues in AIWS Roundtable, which was held by Vietnam National Television (VTV) and Boston Global Forum (BGF).
Prof. Furman thinks the most important thing to understand is that technology is not a destiny. “It doesn’t tell us what is going to happen to jobs, it doesn’t tell us what is going to happen to wages, what is going to happen to our economy and our society,” said Furman.
“Technology can give us new choices and new opportunities so that sense can make everything better, but only if we are the user,” Furman noted.
“Literally, in Switzerland have very similar technology, there’s a lot of people who are unemployed, literally, Switzerland has a very high level of employment. There’s nothing to do with the terminators. There’s nothing to do with the killer robots. Everything to do with are the economic policy, institutions and the culture…”
About unemployment question, he gave an example: “we have had technology replace humanity for a long time, we can work for 4 hours/week and earn the same amount that we earn in 1900 working 50 hours/week. We want to be richer!”
According to Prof. Furman, there are new types of jobs, there are more demand for all types of jobs and our jobs have changed. Technology will replace certain tasks, but not entire jobs. That is likely what is going to happen in the future.
“But the question is: are you going to prepare people for those jobs, give them the skills and the training? …Robots got a lot of quality. They got a lot of people being disappointed and left down. The way to come about that is education, training, having a system that helps place people in jobs. But the most important in all of this is the more innovation we have, the better sets of options and choices we have as long as we are willing to do what we need to take advantage of,” he explained.
Furman said one of the advantages that machine have is that some of these problems may actually be solvable on the machine side than the human side, but only we put an effort into it.
“The reason we should worry about is not that they are worse than people, but we might be able to solve their problems more easily than we solve the problems of people.”
The government of Singapore has released an Artificial Intelligence (AI) governance framework to help businesses in the Republic, along with other partners, that will grapple with issues surrounding the ethical use of Artificial Intelligence.
The AI ethical framework was announced by Mr. Iswaran, Singapore’s Minister for Communications and Information, at the World Economic Forum (WEF) in Davos, Switzerland. It documents how AI can be responsibly and ethically used.
The model framework is founded on two high-level principles: AI implementations should be human-centric, and decisions made or assisted by AI should be explainable, transparent and fair to consumers.
Dubbed as a “living document,” the framework was put together using feedback from leading industry experts. This in turn enhances trust in and understanding of AI, as well as acceptance of how AI-related decisions are made for the benefit of users.
The framework is the first of its kind in Asia to provide a highly detailed and easy-to-follow guidance for AI-using organizations in the private sector, according to Infocomm Communications Development Agency (IMDA).
Answering the question if AI governance model prevents companies on their businesses in Singapore, Mr. Iswaran emphasized that it is not a set of rules but a framework for companies to use.
“On the contrary, we might even be able to come out as one of the jurisdictions with sound approaches to data management and the governance of AI and other frontier technologies. In this case, more companies would want to be associated with us.”
Explaining why choosing the World Economic Forum as a stage to release the Artificial Intelligence framework, Mr. Iswaran said WEF is a large forum for government leaders and global industries. By selecting the WEF stage, Singapore can invite global feedback to further improve the AI ethical framework.
Although there are concerns about the risk of AI being developed for the wrong purpose, no one can deny the advantages it offers, even nationally. Therefore, every country needs to abide by the moral and legal rules when developing in this area, and the world also requires international policies, conventions, and regulations to ensure unity and global consensus in developing AI. Calling leaders of nations to build a treaty on the exploitation and development of AI for peace is what the Michael Dukakis Institute (MDI) is actively implementing through Layer 5 of the 7-layer AIWS Model.
Baidu, Alibaba, and Tencent, the three Chinese tech goliaths freely proportionate to Google, Amazon, and Facebook, are not simply creating and sending AI themselves.
A week ago, Chinese news source Huxiu.com distributed a realistic that outlines the full degree of their inclusion over China’s AI industry. It uncovered that BAT puts resources into 53% of the country’s 190 noteworthy AI organizations. This may not shock those of you who intently pursue China’s AI biological system. Be that as it may, it’s a significant distinctive topology for those increasingly comfortable with Silicon Valley’s.
Baidu, Alibaba, and Tencent put resources into more AI organizations than some other AI monster.
Taken a gander at one way, the scene demonstrates how seriously these organizations are endeavoring to excel over each other. While every company a primary specialized topic—Alibaba in the internet business, Tencent in person to person communication, and Baidu in inquiry and data ordering—they are additionally testing each other head-on crosswise over many enterprises.
Taken a gander at another way, the size of BAT’s contribution demonstrates exactly how essential the three organizations are to China’s bid to be a worldwide pioneer in AI by 2030. Their skills and financing set the bearing and pace of the innovation’s improvement, yet their shortcomings additionally help decide how likely China is to reach its goals.
As the realistic features, BAT’s speculations have advanced a best substantial AI industry: loads of organizations devoted to AI applications with far less committed to building up the advances that support it, including the calculations and propelled silicon chips behind the achievements in machine vision, regular dialect handling, and other AI abilities.
Specialists have cautioned about this best greatness previously. China’s galactic ascent in AI authority is at present floated by its bounty of information and careless perspectives on security. Temporarily, both those conditions make it ripe ground for exceptionally gainful machine-learning applications. In any case, the nation still lingers behind the US in its endeavors to extend existing AI capacities through central research. In the long haul, that could put a roof on the amount China will keep on profiting from AI.
Because artificial intelligence is developed for personal and business use, it is important to ensure that artificial intelligence technology does not have the risks of abuse, errors, or loss of control. This is also the content of Layer 7 in the 7-layer AIWS Model, which is being implemented by the Michael Dukakis Institute for Leadership and Innovation (MDI). Through Layer 7 in particular and the whole model in general, AIWS hopes to ensure the inclusion of AI in life and bring positive impacts.
On January 18, scientists and policymakers came together at the first MIT AI Policy Congress. They discussed how to build up the opportunities of AI while grappling with big challenges.
The MIT Internet Policy Research Initiative (IPRI) held the MIT AI Policy Congress, alongside a two-day meeting of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD).
The 3 main issues addressed at the forum are:
A new “commitment to address ethical issues”
A varied policy landscape
Public accountability
One big idea highlighted at this event is that AI policymaking can be quite different between industries. The forum focused on many areas including transportation and safety, medicine, labor, criminal justice, and national security.
“Things are evolving quite quickly,” spoke Andrew Wyckoff (director for science, technology, and innovation at the OECD), “we need to begin to try to get ahead of that.”
Daniel Weitzner, founding director of IPRI and a principal research scientist at the MIT Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory (CSAIL) said: “I hope the policymakers come away with a clear sense that AI technology is not some immovable object, but rather that the right interaction between computer science, government, and society at large will help shape the development of new technology to address society’s needs.”
Accroding to Professor Jason Furman (Chairman of the Council of Economic Advisers; President Obama’s chief economist; professor at Harvard University’s Kennedy School of Government; a Senior Fellow at the Peterson Institute for International Economics; member of AIWS Standards and Practice Committee, Michael Dukakis Institute), “The real problem with artificial intelligence is we don’t have enough of it.”
As part of the event, experts of Artificial Intelligence expert group at the OECD (AIGO) were trained about machine learning in a half-day with a “trainer” – Prof. Hal Abelson, the Class of 1922 Professor of Computer Science and Engineering at MIT.
AIGO is made up of experts from OECD member countries and think tanks, business, civil society and labour associations and other international organisations which providing guidance in scoping principles for artificial intelligence in society. The two of active members in AIGO are Mr. Nguyen Anh Tuan – Director of The Michael Dukakis Institute for Leadership and Innovation (MDI), Co-founder and Chief Executive Officer of The Boston Global Forum (BGF) and Marc Rotenberg – President and Executive Director of the Electronic Privacy Information Center (EPIC), Member of AIWS Standards and Practice Committee, Michael Dukakis Institute.
Amid a period of populist enthusiasm, open social requests have continuously gone under strain. Regardless, the danger of atavistic ideological improvements couldn’t like to contrast with that introduced by astounding new headways in the hands of dictators.
“I need to caution the world around an extraordinary risk that is undermining the exact survival of open social orders,” according to George Soros (Hungarian-American investor and philanthropist).
The quickly enhancing instruments of control that machine learning and man-made brainpower can deliver are giving severe routines an intrinsically preferred standpoint.
The social credit framework isn’t yet completely operational, though it is unmistakable where it’s going. Soros locates the social credit framework as alarming and despicable. Sadly, some Chinese discover it rather alluring, on the grounds that it gives data and administrations that are not as of now accessible, and can likewise secure well-behaved nationals against enemies of the state.
He use “open society” as shorthand for a general public in which the standard of law beats rule by a solitary individual, and where the job of the state is to ensure human rights and individual opportunity. In his view, open society should give careful consideration to the individuals who experience the ill effects of separation or social avoidance and the individuals who can’t guard themselves.
In what manner can open social orders be ensured if these new innovations give tyrant routines a worked-in preferable standpoint? It ought to distract each one of the individuals who like to live in an open society.
Autocracy with Chinese characteristics
“My first exertion in China looked rather encouraging,” said Soros.
In the long run, a Chinese give beneficiary visited Soros in New York and let him know – at significant hazard to himself – what had occurred.
By and large, he obviously committed an error in endeavoring to set up an establishment, which worked in manners that were foreign to individuals in China. Around then, giving them that created a feeling of commitment between the contributor and beneficiary and obliged them two to stay faithful to one another eternity.
The betrayal of reform
When he initially began visiting China, he met numerous individuals in places of intensity who were adherents to the standards of open society.
They were anxious to get a notification about Popper’s contemplations on the open society. While they found the idea exceptionally engaging, their translation remained to some degree not quite the same.
The submitted safeguards of an open society in China, have for the most part resigned, and more youthful individuals, who are subject to Xi for advancement, have had their spot.
It’s imperative to understand that such reactions were just a notice to Xi about his overabundances, yet did not turn around the abrogation of the two-term limit. In addition, “Xi Jinping Thought,” which he advanced as his refining of Communist hypothesis, was raised to indistinguishable dimension from “Mao Zedong Thought.” A definitive result of the current political infighting remains uncertain.
The Open Society and its advocates
“I have been focusing on China, however open social orders have a lot more foes, Putin’s Russia principal among them. Also, the most unsafe situation is one in which these foes plot with, and gain from, each other so as to persecute their kin all the more adequately,” said Soros.
What would we be able to do to stop them? The initial step is to perceive the peril. Along these lines, he needs to concentrate on the most critical inquiry for open social orders: what will occur in China?
Only Chinese individuals can answer the inquiry. As some China experts have disclosed, there’s a Confucian convention as per which the ruler’s guides are relied upon to stand up when they unequivocally can’t help contradicting one of his activities or announcements, knowing very well indeed that it might result in a state of banishment or even execution. It implies that another political world class has developed that is eager to maintain the Confucian custom, and that Xi will keep on having rivals in China.
Conclusion
Since Xi is the most unsafe adversary of open social orders, we should stick our expectations on the Chinese individuals, and particularly on the political tip top, which is motivated by the Confucian convention.
“This does not imply that those of us who put stock in the open society ought to stay detached,” said Soros.
It’s conceivable to dream of something like the United Nations Treaty toward the end of World War II. This would be the fitting consummation of the present cycle of contention between the US and China. It would restore worldwide collaboration and enable open social orders to thrive.
International conventions, norms, and agreements for artificial intelligence development in supporting new generation democracy are extremely necessary. Therefore, every country needs to abide by the moral and legal codes when developing in this area, and the world also requires international policies, conventions and regulations to ensure unity and global consensus in developing AI. Calling leaders of nations to build a treaty on the exploitation and development of AI for peace is what the Michael Dukakis Institute (MDI) is actively implementing through Layer 5 of the 7-layer AIWS Model.
In an interview with Boston Public Radio, Former Massachusetts Governor Michael Dukakis, Chairman and Co-founder of BGF & MDI, called on his Democrats MPs to pay attention to the 2020 election instead of pushing for impeachment.
“I’m not a big impeachment fan — I think we just go out and beat [President Trump’s] brains in, politically, in two years,” told Dukakis.
In April, NPR, PBS Newshour and Marist Poll released a survey found that 70% of Democratic respondents said they would definitely vote for a runner advocating the idea of arraignment.
“I really don’t think that spending a lot of time on impeachment makes sense,” Former Massachusetts Governor said, “I just think we’ve got to get out there and work our tails off in every single one of the states.”
Dukakis added that he considered Trump a challenging politician to report on.
“I think it’s very difficult to cover this president,” noted Dukakis.
“The fact of the matter is, he’s a pathological liar. I mean, that’s clear,” said Dukakis in the interview. He also said, “I’m not being a wiseguy about this, I don’t even know if he knows that he lies, but he lies all the time.”
As Co-Founder and Chairman of The Board of Directors and Board of Thinker of The Boston Global Forum, Michael Stanley Dukakis culminates a half-century career dedicated to public service, political leadership, fostering the careers of young leaders, and scholarly achievement.
Together with Nguyen Anh Tuan, this former Massachusetts governor, has established The Boston Global Forum as a globally recognized think tank noted for developing peaceful solutions to some of the world’s most contentious issues.
Understanding the impact of culture on thinking is imperative for compromise, forecast, and basic leadership. Give us a chance to take a gander at good basic leadership. Despite the fact that this spares more lives, there’s a moral predicament connected to tossing the switch, since this mediation would straightforwardly make somebody bite the dust.
Moral reasoning is important to model accurately as AI systems become ever more integrated into our lives. This paper explores the use of analogical generalizations to improve moral reasoning. In detail, the following research on moral reasoning and decision-making in humans has revealed that certain moral decisions are based on moral rules rather than utilitarian considerations. (Joseph A. Blass and Kenneth D. Forbus, “Moral Decision-Making by Analogy: Generalizations vs. Exemplars,” Proceedings of the Twenty-Ninth AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence, Austin, Texas, 2015, available HERE)
Let’s discuss with Shaping Futures about this new methodology and assess how it will impact the future of AI?
There are different precedents that particularly feature how secured qualities can fluctuate crosswise over societies. This understanding recommends that by utilizing similarity in AI frameworks, such frameworks could all the more precisely catch the impact of culture on individuals’ decisions.
Ongoing advancement in computational displaying of similarity in intellectual science has given frameworks that shape the reason for another relationship based innovation for AI frameworks. It utilizes analogies with socially explicit stories and earlier issues to settle on a choice. Its thinking can be investigated, including the qualities distinguished and their source.
Vitally, changing the narratives accessible to MoralDM to mirror those of various societies (e.g., Iranian versus American) makes its choices change as needs be.
As of late Joe Blass and I have stretched out this model to utilize analogical speculation, a learning procedure that helps lift basic examples out of stories.
Our methodology recommends another philosophy for computational sociology. This recommends another method for displaying parts of culture: accumulate its social stories and make them accessible to AI frameworks in structures that they can comprehend and utilize.
Should this be possible? So far there have just been little pilot tests, which demonstrate that the methodology is promising. Including intelligent discourse and test-taking offices would disentangle the way toward checking if the interpretation to formal portrayals was exact (which at present is finished by AI specialists examining them). Here is a delineation of this pipeline in real life, from our tests:
This model has a few points of interest over conventional machine learning or profound learning frameworks. Initially, all the thinking is inspectable. Second, the information effective nature of analogical learning lessens the quantity of social items required to manufacture a model. It likewise streamlines completing examinations to comprehend why the models are working the manner in which they do.
As AI frameworks turn out to be increasingly astute and adaptable, having them turned out to be undeniable accomplices in our way of life appears as though a promising method to guarantee that they are valuable in their effects.
Professor Thomas Patterson, Harvard University congratulated Mr. Nguyen Anh Tuan (Co-Founder and Chief Executive Officer of The Boston Global Forum, Director of The Michael Dukakis Institute for Leadership and Innovation) who was recently awarded as Person of the Year 2018 for Artificial Intelligence World Society and AI-Government by VTV.
Since his first meeting in 2005, Professor Thomas Patterson has rated Mr. Tuan as one of the smartest and most interesting people he ever knew and worked with.
Under the direction of Mr. Tuan, Boston Global Forum (BGF), was founded to bring together leaders and experts from around the globe to participate in open public forums to discuss and illuminate the most critical issues affecting the world at large. The BGF co-founder said that the organization has become more and more successful and growing.
