“Who May Command?” brings the doctrine of Legitimate Human Command to the global risk-management community
On August 28, 2026, the Global Association of Risk Professionals (GARP) published Beacon Papers No. 5, “Who May Command? The Double Crisis of Power in the AI Age,” by Nguyen Anh Tuan, Co-founder, Co-Chair, and CEO of the Boston Global Forum and Founder and Chief Architect of AIWS.
GARP is a leading globally recognized professional association for risk managers. Its publication of Beacon Papers No. 5 brings the paper’s central doctrine — Legitimate Human Command — directly to professionals responsible for managing technological, financial, institutional, and systemic risk around the world.
The paper identifies two fundamental crises of power in the AI Age: machines acting without legitimate human authorization, and humans exercising power through machines without constitutional authorization. Human control alone is therefore not sufficient. AI must remain under a clearly bounded, continuously observable, and immediately revocable human mandate — while the human authority commanding it must itself be legitimate, accountable, open to challenge, and constrained by the rights and dignity of the human person.
This principle is expressed in the paper’s defining conclusion:
No machine may escape human command. No human command may escape constitutional restraint.
The publication by GARP marks an important step in bringing the principles of the AIWS Trust Order, AIWS Trust Infrastructure, and the Constitution for Humanity in the Age of AI into the global practice of risk governance. It advances a new standard for the AI Age: intelligence may exceed that of the commander, but authority must never do so.
Read Beacon Papers No. 5 on GARP: “Who May Command? The Double Crisis of Power in the AI Age”.
